Capturing of chamois started in 2003 and various techniques have been used. Until now (1997), the Forestry Committee has controlled the number of permits and on average seven to eight Chamois have been allowed to be killed each year. [3], Kosovo: A small number of Chamois is hunted by hunting tourists. 39: 195-199. Photo: Ralf Bürglin, 2019-04-24, Balkan Chamois habitat at Vošac vrh, Biokovo Nature Park, Croatia. As many as three subspecies have been described and recognised (R. r. rupicapra; R. r. balcanica and R. r. olympica) – (Bolkay 1925; Djulić and Mirić 1967; Koller 1929; Martino 1934; Mirić 1970). 20 to 30 per cent under habitat capacity. In Rhodope this is almost complete, and is also a potential danger at Rila. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T39255A10179647.en. It is also found in the dry, karst limestone range of Dalmatia (encompassing the northern part of present-day Albania, much of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegonvina, Montenegro, Kosovo and Serbia). [12], In Kosovo they are said to occur in Šar Planina National Park and Prokletija (Albanian Alps). [3], In Greece the current distribution of Balkan Chamois includes 18 distinct sub-populations on the following mountains: Northern and Central Pindus, Eastern and Central Rhodope, Central Sterea Ellada, Mount Olympus, Mount Tzena-Pinovo and Mount Nemertsika (Papaioannou, in Apollonio et al. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T39255A10179647. [12], In Bosnia and Herzegovina Balkan Chamois occur in Cvrsnica, Prenj, Velež, Bjelašnica, Treskavica, Zelengora, Bjelasnica and Sušica (in Drina Canyon) (Rapaić et al. Diversity 2020, 12, 124. This is the first study that investigates genetic variability and structure of Greek chamois. According to Ivanov-Gaspar the annual Chamois hunting quota is around 75 and permits are usually all sold to visiting hunters. 1975), Bulgaria: At present hunting for Balkan Chamois is subject to an array of legislation within national and EU regulations, but not yet transparent enough. Northern chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is a mountain ungulate that is currently categorized into seven subspecies, but some genetic studies contradict this taxonomy. Sedme Mammal Species of the World (siatos ke 2005), konakara apta dere tid ke mila veyafa katca : . The Balkan Chamois is a subspecies of the Alpine Chamois. Gan Bolkay bak 1925 taneon zo pimtayar. The political change and lack of control in the 1990s led to a considerable increase in poaching and probably halved the numbers again. In the former Yugoslav countries it is slowly recovering from the civil war (1991 to 2001). [3], In North Macedonia the total number of Balkan Chamois was put in 2011 to 3.500 individuals. The hunting season for males extends from 1 February to 15 September, for females from 1 February to 31 August (kids can be hunted year-round). [3], Balkan Chamois male. al (2007) could sustain at least between 9.000 and 10.000 Balkan Chamois. Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) is the southernmost subspecies within the distribution of the genus in Europe. There is another nucleus of Balkan Chamois in the Kozhuf Mountains which straddle the border with Greece in the south. [3], In Bulgaria the total number of Chamois in 1988 (censused at the end of winter) was between 1.560 and 1.630. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. In winter, it lives in forests adjoining cli s and rocky slopes at medium altitudes and in summer it approaches mountainous Similarly, small numbers sometimes enter Greece from Albania around mount Nemertsika (Papaioannou 1991). [2] Castelló, José R., 2016: Bovids of the World – Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives. The target species of the current work is the Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica), one of the most poorly studied sub-species of the Northern chamois R. rupicapra. [12], In Bulgaria, in the Rila and Pirin Ranges, its principal habitats are the sub-alpine and alpine zones with manmade grasslands, rocky areas, shrublands of Mugo Pine (Pinus mugo) and Juniper (Juniperus sibirica), as well as the coniferous and Beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. There appears to be no competition from domestic livestock. By 1989-90, their numbers had increased to just over 2.500 animals. Kamzík horský je elegantní a silná koza. 2008. Capra rupicapra Linnaeus, 1758 The chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ) is a species of goat-antelope native to mountains in Europe , from west to east, including the Cantabrian mountains , the Pyrenees , the Alps and the Apennines , the Dinarides , the Tatra and the Carpathian Mountains , the Balkan Mountains , the Rila - Rhodope massif, Pindus , the northeastern mountains of Turkey , and the Caucasus . Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica- Η αντιλόπη των ελληνικών βουνών 9 Φεβρουαρίου 2021 9 Φεβρουαρίου 2021 Το αγριόγιδο είναι ένα από τα πιο όμορφα και εντυπωσιακά ζώα που μπορεί να … Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) is the southernmost subspecies within the distribution of the genus in Europe. 1938), Vikos–Aoös National Park (3.300 ha; est. 2010). The dynamics of the horn growth in Bulgarian chamois Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica. Downloaded on 02 May 2019. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for Caprinae. [3] But it has also been mentioned that there is no certain way to distinguish the Alpine form the Balkan subspecies using external features. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040124, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. But there are also doubts. 1986; buffer zone of 2.402 ha), Marinchini ézéra (1.509 ha; est. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, © 1996-2021 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. ), – providing effective genetic exchange between Balkan Chamois (sub)populations and, – an increase in numbers to at least 5.000 animals within 10 years (Valchev et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040124, Kati V, Kassara C, Vassilakis D, Papaioannou H. Balkan Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) Avoids Roads, Settlements, and Hunting Grounds: An Ecological Overview from Timfi Mountain, Greece. Citation: Syst. [3], The first historic evidence of Balkan Chamois comes from Xenophon (about 430 to 354 BC) a Greek historian, soldier and philosopher and contemporary of Socrates, who wrote in Kynegetikos and Anabasis that the Thracians, whom he encountered on his voyages, were hunting Chamois. [2 – no indication of source!] How to make a distinction between goral and serow? With the establishment of the Bulgarian National Park Directorate, Balkan Chamois started a slow recovery coupled with some range expansion. Groves and Grubb (2011) write: „Evidence as to the distinctiveness of this taxon is lacking, and more specimens need to be studied.“ [5], The split between Alpine and Balkan Chamois is of relatively recent origin, probably occurring around the last glacial period some 10.000 to 12.000 years ago. Vexala dem milkatcaf apteem. 1963; buffer zone of 2.522 ha; Biosphere Reserve 1977, Djéndema (4.220 ha; est. The Nature Protection Act (Decree No. 2010). [3], In Greece the total population is estimated at between 480 and 750 individuals (Papaioannou & Kati 2007). Sedme Mammal Species of the World (siatos ke 2005), konakara apta dere tid ke mila veyafa katca : . Vexala dem milkatcaf apteem. [3], Balkan Chamois female and yearlings in pale summer coat. [1], Former Yugoslavia: Although the subspecies is not threatened overall, there are several small isolated populations that are vulnerable to poaching and other disturbance factors (e. g. habitat degradation, competition from livestock, etc.). [3], In Albania current (2013) population figures are probably only between 300 and 330 in total. :Animalia :Chordata :Mammalia :Artiodactyla :Bovidae :Rupicapra 1980, Northeast, neighbouring Bulgaria), Mount Olympus National Park (3.996 ha; est. [12], In Albania the Balkan Chamois was listed as Lower Risk in the 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (IUCN, 1996). Nat., 10th ed., 1: 68. cartusiana, και R. r . [12], By 1965, the numbers of Balkan Chamois in Bulgaria started to increase steadily. Hunting Chamois was then prohibited by the 4th Hunting Law of 1926, until the Hunting Law of 1948, when hunting season for chamois was opened, but only during October. [12], Typical Chamois habitat in Greece is a forested valley with steep slopes extending to the alpine zone, and including cliffs and rock outcrops. tatrica) απειλούνται από τη σκόπιμη εισαγωγή υποειδών από άλλες γεωγραφικές περιοχές (ιδιαίτερα το R. r . In some areas, recreation activities may significantly disturb Chamois (Adamakopoulos, in prep.). The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences has also played a major role in the conservation and increase of the subspecies since 1978. 2020. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). 18833, 1962) protects 43 species of mammals including the Balkan Chamois. In 1997 it was stated that the only non-government organisation that contributes to the preservation of Chamois is the Union of Bulgarian Hunters and Fishermen. [12], For Bosnia-Herzegovina Rapaić et al. "Balkan Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) Avoids Roads, Settlements, and Hunting Grounds: An Ecological Overview from Timfi Mountain, Greece" Diversity 12, no. Croatia: Hunting Balkan Chamois is being offered at Biokovo. 3150 and can be hunted or captured only with special permission from the General Directorate of Forest Economy. Alpine Chamois (R. r. rupicapra) have been introduced in some areas. The Cantabrian chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) is a slim mountain goat antelope, and is one of the 10 subspecies of the genus Rupicapra.It ranges the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain, with a population of 17,000 animals in 2007-2008. (1990), because the sources of information were the same. Kati, V.; Kassara, C.; Vassilakis, D.; Papaioannou, H. Balkan Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) Avoids Roads, Settlements, and Hunting Grounds: An Ecological Overview from Timfi Mountain, Greece. It is the least threatened species listed in the Bulgarian Red Book (1985), and it receives almost full protection. In the north in occurs in the Alps of Albania (Shkodrë, Tropojë, and Kukës). Balkan Chamois is protected under Law No. MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [1] Aulagnier, S., Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. 150 animals, Prokletije Mountains ca. [3], In North Macedonia the major Chamois concentrations are located in the complex mountain systems of western and central North Macedonia (Karadzica, Jablanica, Galichica, Bistra, Korab, Šar and Pelister Mountains). The probable annual off-take (hunting, poaching and natural deaths) may be in the region of 50 animals. Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925. kingdom Animalia - animals » phylum Chordata - chordates » class Mammalia - mammals » order Cetartiodactyla - even-toed ungulates » family Bovidae - cattle, antelopes, sheep and goats » genus Rupicapra » species Rupicapra rupicapra - Chamois Rupicapra species Rupicapra rupicapra Name Homonyms Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925 Common names Balkan Chamois in English Balkangemse in German Camoscio dei Balcani in Italian Chamois des balkans in French Gems (subsp.) The hunting season runs from 1 October to 31 December. Distribution and numbers of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925) in Bulgaria. 300 animals; Tara Canyon ca. [3] In the central region they inhabit Barat and Skrapar; and in the south and southeast, Kolonjë and Përmett. The CIC database of this subspecies is incomplete: mean (n=28): 111,8 CIC points; highest: 122,3; lowest: 103,6 [3], longest horns CIC (mean; n=18): 27,2 cm; longest: 29,8 cm [3], location of the two CIC top scoring trophies: Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1965 [3], Balkan Chamois male with impressive set of horns. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. [3], The taxonomic status of Chamois on the Balkan peninsula, is uncertain. Thanks to the actions of the Forestry Administration and sportsmen, Balkan Chamois still survives today. In Greece, which is its marginal area of distribution, the population presents a fragmented pattern. Photo: Alexandros Gassios, Mount Olympus, at 2.700 m asl, site code, GR1250001, 2005-06-30, by country: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia) [12, 3], In general populations of Balkan Chamois are fragmented throughout the distribution range and in many cases isolated from each other. [12], The Balkan Chamois is said to be somewhat larger (probably [3]) than the Alpine Chamois, with longer horns, and lighter in colour. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . [12], In Croatia the introduced Chamois on the Croatian Adriatic Coast between Senj and Makaraka ((editor’s note: misspelling – Makarska)) are of unknown genetic origin, and are possibly Alpine/Balkan hybrids. – Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, widespread in the Balkan Peninsula; – Rupicapra rupicapra caucasica, widespread in the Caucasus plateau; – Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica, widespread in Asia Minor. The majority of the populations in Rila and Pirin are not directly threatened, but neighbouring populations are potentially threatened by hybridization. Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica with the common name Balkan Chamois, belongs to the Mammals group Balkan Chamois - Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica - Bolkay, 1925 Toggle navigation [12], In Bosnia-Herzegovina today a maximum of about 1.000 individuals remain, distributed over many small and fragmented populations (Rapaić, in PIU Forestry and Agriculture 2007). and the IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group, 1997: Wild Sheep and Goats and their Relatives. Princton University Press. Jeho výška v kohoutku činí 0,70 - 0,85 m, délka těla 1 - 1,30 m, váha 11 - 36 kg, ocas měří 3 - 8 cm a lebka 18,3 - 22 cm.. Kamzík má dlouhé končetiny, což je nezbytné, aby se mohl pohybovat v příkrém terénu, a jeho tělo je velmi masivní. Not all introductions were successful, for example, the animals moved to Stolovi in Central Serbia were quickly eliminated by poachers. Mammal Species of the World: Information on rupicapra. The Balkan population which has been isolated for about 100 years is still small and vulnerable, and poaching has not yet been eliminated. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. 1951); Biosphere Reserve 1977), Ibâr (1.701 ha; est. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely 100 animals. 1973; Epirus Mountains, Northwest), Koziakas Controlled Hunting Area (46.400 ha; est. 1966). Today, Balkan Chamois occur in 14 protected areas in Bulgaria. Introductions have never been attempted and consequently the genetics of Greek R. r. balcanica appear to be pure (Papaioannou, in Apollonio et al. Following their extermination, several attempts were made to reintroduce Chamois starting before 1941. In Kosovo hunting is regulated in the Hunting Law of 2005; it is subject to the 10-year Kosovo hunting-development plan, a 10-year hunting-area management plan and an annual operational plan. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. Two subspecies of Northern chamois inhabit Croatia: Balkan (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra). In the 1980s population numbers exceeded the carrying capacity of available habitat. 2020; 12(4):124. Distribution et effectifs du Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, … Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Giovanna MASSEI*, Ettore RANDI and Peter GENOV Massei G., Randi E. and Genov P. 1994. 2010). Despite protection, a small number of foreign hunters are allowed to shoot some animals each year. [3], In 1991 the distribution range for Greece was described as follows: Balkan Chamois is currently restricted to 11 mountains, and comprising at least six distinct and widely scattered population groups from Mount Rodopi in the northeast below the Bulgarian border, and from the Epirus Mountains in the Northwest, to Mount Giona in Central Greece. You seem to have javascript disabled. in Dutch Nevoyol (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) tir tana moukolafa apta ke rupicapra katca vey Rupicapra oxi vey Bovidae yasa ( Caprinae volveyyasa ) ke ARTIODACTYLA veem. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Received: 12 March 2020 / Revised: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 24 March 2020 / Published: 27 March 2020, This is an open access article distributed under the, Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. [1], In Greece, poaching facilitated by road developments, and predation by feral dogs are the main threats to chamois survival (Hatzirvassanis, 1991). [3]. Review 2005), excluding poaching. [12] Shackleton, D. M (ed.) Actually, some differences are the result of duplication in cases where two or more administrative units reported figures for the same area. [3], Prior to the moratorium only males could be hunted in accordance with the Law on Game and Hunting during a season which lasted from 1 October to 31 December.
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